May 19, 2012

The Importance of Collaboration

CollaborationA family friend was interested in learning about neurological rehabilitation.  What do you do with someone who suffers a head injury?  Even minor head injuries can result in increased irritability, memory problems, difficulty with judgment, impulse control… Of course, the list would be long because the brain is so complex. In a way, head injury is like dropping a computer onto the floor.  Anyway, my friend wanted to see what a head injured person looked like so I dug out a dusty, old videotape that I had from a continuing education course I had taken long ago.  What I found was exciting!

The videotape featured an in-house program for individuals with severe brain injury.  Not only that, these clients were “bad dudes.” In other words, even before they suffered a brain injury, they had engaged in all kinds of high-risk behaviors and were generally impulsive, hot-tempered,  erratic,and frequently in trouble with the law. In addition, most head injuries involve some damage to the pre-frontal cortex which modulates these behaviors in the first place.   In traditional therapy, it was thought that since the pre-frontal cortex was damaged, rigid, external structure was needed to bring about cooperative behavior.   However, all of the rules and restrictions actually made these guys worse.  Why?  The missing element was collaboration.

For example,  one man refused to eat.  It wasn’t that he wasn’t hungry, but he had trouble initiating behavior (In fact, it can often take a brain injured client an entire day to get into the shower despite the fact that he knows he needs one badly).  Forcing this man to go to the dining hall only resulted in combative behavior. However, through active collaboration with the patient,  a solution was found.  The therapist, the patient, and 3 of his peers decided on the plan of action.  Would you like someone to come and get you to eat?  Who? What time should he come?  What should he do if you refuse to come?  All of this seems so simple but in example after example, the power of collaborative solutions was demonstrated even with very impaired, very bad dudes!

Collaboration works because it makes the client do some of the work. The brain builds neural connections in response to whatever stimuli it encounters.  If someone has to actively process a problem and come up with solutions, not only is that person more inclined to act on that solution because he came up with it, he will also gain competency for further problems he might encounter.  Whether the situation is coaching, parenting, counseling, or solving a conflict, the more active someone is in finding a solution, the more likely it is that they will follow through and also learn.   The role of the supporting party is to provide options, propose strategies, and offer guidance in evaluating the solution set.  Foisting rigid structures and forcing someone to see the matter your way do little to ensure compliance or good judgment the next time around.

The rediscovery of this videotape was a great find for me! What was particularly rewarding  was the notion that in all of the roles I have played in life, this has been one of my “bread and butter” strategies.  As a parent,  speech pathologist/cognitive specialist and now a life coach,  the power of collaboration has been a common thread.  Sometimes you want to cringe when it doesn’t go smoothly at first but my position is that you end up with a more resilient improvement in the end.  My role as a coach is to provide support and let the brain do it’s work!

A Review of 3 Brain Books

March is Brain Awareness Month so the bookstore was overflowing with intriguing selections for me to take on vacation.   I have a lifelong passion for brains.  How do they work? What happens when they are broken? How do you get the most out of your brain?  For instance, I am intrigued by the notion that many of the behavioral observations that have been made about the brain, behavior, cognition, and personality over the course of thousands of years can now be confirmed through imaging techniques such as the fMRI or the PET scan.  Indeed, there is no better time than now to learn about the brain, appreciate individual differences, and to be wowed by it’s wonders.

The first book I read was The Edison Gene/ADHD and the Gift of the Hunter Child by Thon Hartmann (By clicking the link, you can also read the American Psychiatric Institute’s review  of the book).  There is ongoing controversy as to whether ADHD is a real disorder or if it is the gift of creativity and adaptability in it’s highest form.  Thomas Edison, left school after only 3 months of formal education and was labeled, “a problem child, stupid and difficult” by his teachers.  He set his father’s barn on fire to see what would happen.  He laid on goose eggs to see if he could hatch them.  His mother had to move his laboratory into the basement for fear that he would blow up the house.  Of course, without Thomas Edison, there would be no light bulbs, no phonographs, and no motion pictures among other critical inventions.   The author makes the case that medicating or trying to “break”  the highly creative types like Edison, our society would not move forward.    As I read the book, I imagined the Thomas Edison types to be intuitive- thinking-perceiving types  ( ENTP  and the INTP) using the Myers-Briggs terminology.  Another parallel terms would be right brain thinking (holistic, random, intuitive and a “could be” focus) versus left brain thinking (linear, sequential, concrete,and a “what is” focus).

I agree with the author’s assertion that people are wired differently and are therefore more adept at various tasks.   Some individuals tend to remain open to changes in incoming data and adapt accordingly while others prefer structure, organization and consistency. Neither style of thinking is superior to the other.  [Read more...]

Awareness, Acceptance, Action

Cognitive blind spots present a significant roadblock to the full realization of individual human potential.  There are many kinds of blind spots including those that are common to all humans  such as the  Bandwagon Effect , where individuals become attracted to popular trends, or the Restraint Bias where individuals overestimate their capacity to resist temptation.    There are also other types of blind spots that are common to individuals who have suffered neurological damage.   The term reduced deficit awareness refers to an individual’s lack of awareness of a cognitive problem and it’s impact on his functional capabilities.  For example, a patient may be certain he can drive despite deep paralysis and a visual field cut!   Even our normal dominant psychological preferences for sensing versus intuition and thinking versus feeling as defined by our MBTI personality type set the stage for cognitive blind spots and biases.

Interestingly, the process to overcome these challenges is  similar.. First there is an awareness that our personal effectiveness is limited in some way. Next  is an acceptance that  a mindset or an existing way of approaching a problem is the reason we are coming up short of our goals.   Finally,  an action plan is generated to bring about change.

For instance, in neurological rehabilitation, one of the most important indicators for significant recovery after a stroke or brain injury is awareness of deficits. Realistically, how can improvements be made if one is blind to the need for change?  Moreover, there are several levels of awareness that must be achieved in order to change:

7 Levels of  Self- Awareness That Can Lead to Change: [Read more...]

About This Website

Most of us are using only using a fraction of our talents and gifts.   In addition, we are frequently dissatisfied with with home life, career choices, and relationships but do no know why.  This can lead to burn-out and lack of motivation or a feeling of being “stuck.”  Annholm.net is a life coaching website that is dedicated to releasing untapped talents and skills leading to greater competence and personal satisfaction. It is the home of Uncover Your Potential , the life coaching practice of Ann C. Holm. Most of the blogs featured on this website are about  brain science,  psychological type as defined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI),  and individual preferences as it pertains to effective life coaching.  I also feature blogs about people who have inspired me by embracing a challenge or overcoming an obstacle or who have enlightened me or broadened my horizons in some way.  I feel the best way to find the energy to make changes or unlock hidden talent is through increased self-awareness AND stories about others who have shown the way.


Spontaneity and It’s Evil Twin Impulsivity

prefrontal cortex

If you were to look in a thesaurus, you would probably find the words spontaneity and impulsivity listed as synonyms for each other.  Both states are unplanned,unconstrained, and governed by natural impulses.  To be impulsive or spontaneous is to be flexible, able to bend in a new direction at a moment’s notice.  However, they really aren’t the same when examined more closely.  Impulsivity is actually the evil twin of spontanaeity.

It’s a sunny day and your best friend calls you in the morning to see if you can take the day off to go on a picnic.  If you’re spontaneous, you consider the offer, take stock of what work is mission critical, and decide if your co-workers can cover for you.  If all of these variables check out, then you clear it with your boss and you enjoy the day.  On the other hand, if you are impulsive,  you say “yes” immediately, call in sick, and head off for  a day of fun giving no consideration to the long range consequences or who is affected by your actions, including yourself.

Impulsivity is seldom a good thing. It is one of the variables that lead people toward high risk behavior. It sabotages follow-through and leaves good ideas unfinished.  It is rash, erratic, and unpredictable.  It is frequently present in individuals who have had damage to the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain by way of head injury or stroke.  However even without a neurological event,  impulsivity is commonly seen in children, adolescents and many adults.  There are impulsive  shoppers (compulsive shoppers are driven by a different psychological force), people who say whatever comes to mind,  or those who find it difficult to stay on task when a new possibility presents itself . Just because one has reached a certain age does not guarantee that impulse control has been mastered.  Impulse control takes physical maturity, self-awareness, and often strategies to bring it under control.   The brain develops in response to the demands one places upon it. For some, this is requires great effort but the pay-off is well worth it. [Read more...]

MBTI Step III Instrument: Examining Effective Use of Perception and Judgement (Day 1 Training Summary)

I am in Portland, Maine learning about the recently released MBTI Step III Instrument.   It is conceptually similar to the MBTI  I and the MBTI II tools in that it is based on the work of Carl Jung and Isabel Briggs Myers regarding the identification  psychological preferences. However what is different about the new Level III Indicator is that it  focuses on type development. Specifically, how effectively does an individual use his preferred  perception and judgment functions and how well can he/she incorporate non-preferred perception and judgment  functions, when necessary,  to achieve success and satisfaction in life.

There is a finite amount of mental energy that one has available to take in information (perception) and draw conclusions about those perceptionspreferences (judgment).  How that energy is allocated, according to type theory, is based on psychological preferences.  The dominant function has access to the most abundant and readily available energy, followed by the auxiliary or assisting function, then the tertiary or third function, and lastly the inferior or 4th function (everyone uses all of the functions: sensing, intuition, thinking and feeling but at different levels of  frequency and competence, hence the terms: dominant, auxiliary and so on).   Effective use of type preferences insofar as perception and judgment are concerned  is often dependent on both the opportunity to use a a natural  function and support from the environment to foster it’s development.

According to type development theory, “good type development”  is comfort and effectiveness in the processes that come most naturally to your verified type AND the ability to use the processes that go against one’s natural tendencies.  Knowing which process is most adaptive to the task and the ability to shift among preferred and non-preferred functions is also critical.   There is an overall satisfaction with life that is a byproduct of being able to use perception and judgment competently.  On the other hand, ineffective type development is like a caricature of a given type, a distortion of one’s strengths and the prominent display of one’s weaknesses.  It is also the tendency to blame others for circumstances for failures or unhappiness and perhaps stress, dissatisfaction, and poor performance  in daily life are present.

So how does the MBTI Step III shed light on an individual’s type development?   Many of the details of how certain responses pattern trigger a statement about type development will be learned in tomorrow’s session.  Briefly though, the 3 Sufficiency Scales of Confidence(how adequate one feels in a situation), Stamina (the ability to function when conditions are tough), and Compensatory Strain (use of coping mechanisms that deflect the problem away from one’s personal control)  that occur independent of and as well in concert with Developmental Scales ( some examples include flexibility, defensiveness, and logic)  trigger a Step III pattern that yields a rule (or criteria that says “this is significant”) which ultimately is brought to the attention of the client in the form of a statement, via the Interpretive Report.   An example of a statement might be: “You find it hard to deal with situations that require you to take a detached and logical approach in making a decision.”  Furthermore, the significance of this statement is interpreted based on reported type. The significance of this statement will be quite different for an ESTJ whose dominant function is thinking versus an INFP whose 4th function is thinking. [Read more...]

The Talent Code

“When Gallimore and Tharp studied John Wooden in 1974, they were surprised to find that he distributed praise and criticism talentedunevenly.  What’s more, he was open about this: …Wooden would say, “The good Lord, in his infinite wisdom did not make us all the same.  Goodness gracious, if he had, this would be a boring world, don’t you think?…each one of you deserves individual treatment that is best for you.” (The Talent Code, p 184-185)

The Talent Code by Daniel Coyle, released in May of 2009, asserts that “Greatness isn’t born. It’s grown. Here’s how.”  The book outlines 3 critical elements that foster talent namely deep practice which is slow, targeted, practice that depends on careful refinement of errors;  ignition or motivational fuel that can be triggered by any number of events such as pursuing a goal because someone you admire did it, or the presence of some other force that creates value or passion.  The third element is receiving master coaching and Coyle calls these coaches, “The Talent Whispers.”  Hmmmm.  Now that captured my attention!  As a long-time speech therapist, a mother, and more recently, a life coach, I was intrigued to read what qualities the author felt were present in master coaches.

The first quality was age(Coyle calls it The Matrix).  More than half the coaches that Coyle studied were in their 60′s or 70′s.  That makes sense if wisdom comes with age and one doesn’t get set in his ways. Either one can happen. Ironically, Jungian type development theory suggests we develop our dominant psychological  function up to age 7, our auxiliary or supporting function up to age 20,  the third preferred or tertiary function in our 30′s and 40′s, and the inferior, or least preferred function after that.  When we are young, much of our energy goes into developing our core and then when we get to be old salts, we can turn our attention to completing our personality.  Therefore, an older coach can draw on more perceptions and exercise greater depth of judgment.

Another desirable quality is being able to be laser sharp with coaching directions (the GPS Reflex). Try this. Do that. Layer the next skill upon the new skill.  The other day, I was reading an article in my favorite magazine, “Scientific American Mind”   titled “A New Vision For Teaching Science.” The United States ranks 25th among developed nations in math and science.  The nations that lead the way advocate revisiting topics moving from basic to sophisticated views.  Refining to create deeper understanding.

Theatrical honesty or basically “being a character” apparently contributes to the effectiveness of a master coach. Coyle mentions coaches with snow-white pompadours and black leather jackets, turban-style head wraps and  track suits. Personal style.  When I think back to the teachers I had (or my kids had) that captured attention, many of them did have a unique quality that made them more interesting: Mr. Craft throwing erasers, Mr. Henrich with his classroom that looked like a living room, or Mrs. Chang the piano teacher from China who would complain, “You have no ENNNERGY in your fingers!!!  ENERGY! ENERGY!!”

Perceptiveness rounds out the list of virtues that make up a master coach. Master coaches want to know as much as possible about each student so they can customize their communication to fit the larger patterns in a students life.  Individual differences matter and the coach watches for the qualities that make someone unique.  I use the MBTI results as a springboard for an interactive dialogue to make the connection between personality type and learning style. I wonder how I can address this client so his/her brain is primed to take in information and grow from it.  In the coaching parlance, there is the concept of resonance.  What makes an individual light pick a lockup and want to know more?  Of all of the qualities attributed to a master coach, this one seems to be the most critical.  Like cracking a lock on a safe, listening for the tumblers to click is just as important as turning the dial.

The Talent Code is worth reading particularly because of  the thought provoking nature of this topic, the pursuit of excellence.  Many of the concepts in the book are another angle on what is already intuitively known about the formula for success: practice, passion and a teacher to show you the way are key elements in harvesting talent.  What makes this book interesting is the references to the role of myelin, the fatty substance that coats nerves cells as it responds to these elements, adding speed and accuracy to movements and thoughts.  While it’s  tempting to believe that the formula of 3  key components  as identified by the author would optimize myelination ,  the holy grail for the foundation for greatness,  with the brain, it’s seldom that simple.

Birds of a Feather: Similar But Not the Same

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) I is an instrument that describes the broad strokes of an individual personality.  Do you tend to be “warm and sympathetic”, like an ESFJ or “logical and detached” like an INTP?  One of the goals of this questionnaire is to group  people who have similar general tendencies, “birds of a feather”, so to speak.  However, it is also clear that even thoughBirds of a Feather_8x6 people have like-minded characteristics with those of their ilk, they also exhibit a vast array of individual differences.  Parrots  mimic; eagles eat fish; and owls like to hang out at night.  However, within their type, each bird is distinctly different from another.  The MTBI II serves to capture these differences in people who have the same personality type.  Now there is the MBTI III, a questionnaire that gauges type development.  How well does an individual use his/her dominant and auxiliary functions characteristic of that type? Can that person effectively shift to the non-preferred third and fourth functions when necessary?

My interest in the MBTI system was piqued as a result of my work with patients and families in a functional rehabilitation setting and later, in my training and experience as a life coach. Truth be told, raising 3 children and getting to know their friends was also helpful.  There is no doubt that how an individual takes in information and uses it, has a great impact on what strategies will be used to attack a problem, communicate with others, and provide energy or motivation.  One example that stands out in my mind is when I served a patient who suffered a  memory loss after encephalitis caused by a mosquito bite.  I  recommended placing colorful post-it notes all over her house to stimulate her memory.  To my surprise, she rejected my idea by explaining all of that clutter would drive her crazy and she preferred a nice leather planner instead.  I was certain she would lose it because in my own mind, I would misplace something like that.   However, she always knew where it was. More than likely, her MBTI type code contained an “SJ” possibly ESTJ or ESFJ.  These types prefer order in their living space and my “brilliant” idea of eye-catching color all over her house fell flat. [Read more...]

OMMMMMM! Or ZZZZZZZZZ! Mindfulness Stress Reduction

rafiki3I am enrolled in a 10 week course titled, “Mindfulness Stress Reduction.” One of the key components is the 45 minute body scan.  The object is to develop body awareness by listening to the voice of Jon Kabat-Zinn, a pioneer in this practice, while noticing each body part. Quite literally, one must assess the condition of the little toe on the left foot and proceed from there.  As a result of increased body awareness, new neural pathways are established that assist one in living in the moment without judgement or anxiety, resulting in a greater sense of well-being.  I have to confess though, that the first time I did this exercise last week, I was fast asleep before I even got to my left big toe. I woke up with a strained back and my soft palate felt stimulated, a sure indication that I had indeed been snoring as well!

We left class with the assignment to do the 45-minute scan 6 times in the coming week. That is a rather tall order for most people who are busy. Furthermore, why 45 minutes? Why not a 30 minute or 15 minute scan then get something else done?  Having had an extremely busy week of patients, coaching and hosting a German exchange student, I found little time to scan myself. In fact, I squeezed in only one more scan before I headed off to class yesterday, just so I would be able to participate to some degree in the next class. I laid my yoga mat on the floor, turned on the gas fireplace so I was nice and cozy and tried to scan.  This time, I got up to my left knee then ZZZZZZZZ! Again, I was fast asleep.

My third scan was in class yesterday.  This time, I did not fall asleep. Instead, I scanned a little but let my mind wander A LOT! Meanwhile, I adjusted my position constantly because my lower back had a crick in it from trying to lie flat on a hard floor.  In addition to that, some of the imagery used to create relaxation instead activated my mind:  “Feel your brain gently fall to the back of your skull. Feel the softness in your belly, like a baby.” All I could think of was my brain squished up in the back of my skull and my pre-frontal cortex a cavern of air. My belly was fat and Buddha-like which is only cute in babies and toddlers. Still,I want to add, that this instructor is AWESOME and clearly she is a master at these techniques. I also want to emphasize that the program developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn is considered revolutionary and has helped many, many people. I am just reporting how I have experienced the exercise thus far.   OMMMMM? ZZZZZZZZ?  I am not sure yet.

Anyway, after we completed the exercise and were sharing feedback with each other, I had a revelation: before you can really assess these techniques, you MUST do the homework as prescribed.  No sampling the buffet and then drawing definitive conclusions.  So I threw down a challenge for myself: Make it your priority to do the scan for 45 minutes, 6 times per day. No options. No excuses.

So stay tuned. I will tell you how it all went next week. Ommmmmmm……

Click here for updated blog on Mindfulness Stress Reduction and Breath Awareness Meditation posted on 11/18/2010.

The Far Reaching Implications of the “F” Word

The “F word”. f-word-logoRecently I heard someone declare the “F” word to be the most versatile word in the English language. Insert it anywhere!  I am so “F-ing” sick of those “F-ing” refs!   What the “F” ?!! “F” this!   “F” that! What an “F-er”!  Oh “F”! That’s “F-ing” sick!! I saved the “F-ing” turtle! (I actually heard a kid belt that one out after he helped a turtle cross the road). You get my drift.  My opinion of the “F” word?  It’s a coarse word that anyone with intelligence or class should avoid.  Yet we all use it, myself included,at my weakest moments.  And it worries me….

There is a language disorder known as global aphasia. Global aphasia is characterized by the complete loss of the ability to comprehend spoken or written language. Verbal expression is limited to words or short automatic phrases such as explicatives. Meaning can sometimes appear to be present because of the emotional content of the explicatives.  Global aphasia can occur as a result of a head injury, stroke, or dementia, the most common example being Alzheimer’s disease. In my years as a speech therapist, I have treated dozens of people with global aphasia and observed many more who were resistant to treatment. I had one patient who could only say the number “one”.  I treated a priest who could only say “G-Damn it!”  So I know this condition occurs frequently! And it worries me… [Read more...]